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Vitamin D and Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes
SA Shapses... - JAMA: The Journal of the American ..., 2011 - Am Med Assoc1. Author Affiliations: Department of Nutritional Sciences, Obesity Group, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey (Dr Shapses); and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Manson).
Randomized trials of vitamin D supplementation and risk of type 2 diabetes have had inconsistent results. In the Rosiglitazone Evaluated for Cardiac Outcomes and Regulation of Glycaemia in Diabetes (RECORD) trial, there was no effect of 800 IU/d of vitamin D3 supplementation (with or without 1000 mg of calcium carbonate) on incident diabetes over 2 to 5 years (fracture was the primary outcome variable and diabetes outcomes were self-reported).9 In separate studies of vitamin D supplementation with 4000 IU/d or 120 000 IU every 2 weeks in South Asian overweight women and obese men, respectively, insulin sensitivity significantly improved compared with placebo.1 - 2 However, another study in overweight adults in Germany found no relationship between vitamin D supplementation (3300 IU/d) with glucose metabolism during weight loss.1 In a post hoc analysis of a trial testing the effects of 3 years of supplementation with 700 IU of vitamin D and 500 mg of calcium daily on bone health, individuals with impaired fasting glucose were found to have a lower increase in fasting glucose levels and less insulin resistance compared with placebo controls.1 - 2 In patients with established type 2 diabetes, vitamin D has not been shown to improve insulin resistance or glucose metabolism.1 Thus, the overall evidence from clinical trials and observational research1 - 2 ,7 - 9 is insufficient to establish a causal relationship between vitamin D supplementation and type 2 diabetes prevention.
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Vitamin D and Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes |
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